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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each of the files that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of these products to get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this click for info problem by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise gathered here support AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them this content secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.